In communities undergoing primary succession, there are general trends toward (select all that apply):

a. shorter-lived species.

b. longer-lived species.

c. smaller species.

d. greater species diversity.

e. less species diversity.

In primary succession, pioneer species will predominately be _____because they ____.

a. migratory animals; can go elsewhere for their food

b. cold-weather species; can withstand harsh conditions

c. insects; can live in so many environments

d. photosynthesizing organisms; can make their own food

e. trees; can run roots deep into the soil for water

K-selected or equilibrium species tend to have ____ offspring to whom they provide ____ care. Conversely, r-selected or opportunist species tend to have ____ offspring to whom they provide ____ care.

A country whose population pyramid is widest at the bottom can expect to have ____ population growth in the near future than a country whose population pyramid is of uniform width throughout.

A country’s human population changes can be predicted by looking at its total fertility rate, informally defined as the ____. The “replacement” level for fertility in more- developed countries is ____.

A ____ is all the members of a species that live together in a defined geographical region. A ____ is all the populations of all species living in a single region. An ____ is a community of organisms and the physical environment with which they interact.

Environmental resistance can be defined as all the forces of the environment that act to ____.

Carrying capacity can be defined as the maximum ____ of a given species that a defined geographical region can____.

Does the concept of carrying capacity apply to human beings? Does the planet as a whole have a human carrying capacity, or do human beings have an infinite capacity to improve life through such means as obtaining greater crop yields and becoming more energy efficient?

A(n) _________ consists of all members of a single species that live in a defined geographic region, while a(n) __________ consists of the populations of all species that live in a defined region.

a. ecosystem; community

b. ecosystem; biosphere

c. community; ecosystem

d. population; community

e. biome; ecosystem

Is human disease a form of environmental resistance?