The spinal cord can receive input from _______and direct ________ in response, without input from the brain. This entire process is known as a_______.

The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic or “_______” division and the parasympathetic or “_______” division.

The portion of the brain that is the site of our highest thinking and processing, the _______, is the outer portion of the brain’s _______.

Transmission of a nerve signal down an axon takes advantage of something called a resting potential, which can be defined as a difference in _______ that exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron in a resting state.

The key to signal transmission down the length of an axon is that an influx of Na+ ions at an initial location on the axon membrane triggers an influx of _______ on a _______ of the membrane.

Communication between neurons takes place by means of substances called _______moving across a ________ from a sending cell to a receiving cell.

The brain and spinal cord make up the _______nervous system, while all the nervous tissue outside the _______and _______plus the sensory organs make up the _______ nervous system.

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that carry messages _______ the brain or spinal cord, and it is divided up into a portion that provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles—the _______ nervous system—and a portion that provides involuntary regulation over smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands—the _______ nervous system. The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that carry messages _______ the brain or spinal cord.

The cells of the nervous system that carry nervous system messages are called _______, each of which has a variable number of _______ that carry signals toward the cell body, and a single _______ that carries signals away from the cell body.

Given the roles of the various regions of the brain, why is it almost literally true to speak of “higher” brain functions?

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made up of:

a. the brain and spinal cord.

b. the brain and cranial nerves.

c. sensory organs and all of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.

d. all of the nervous system inside the CNS plus the sensory organs.

e. all of the above.