The pollen of gymnosperms generally is transported by _______, while the pollen of angiosperms generally is transported by _______.

Plants respond to gravity, touch, and the direction of sunlight through the _______ growth of roots or stems.

Plants in temperate climates make seasonal adjustments based on the relative length of the _______ they are experiencing.

A seed is a plant structure that includes a plant ______, its _____ supply, and a tough ______.

Of the following plants, which produce(s) seeds? (a) moss, (b) fern, (c) spruce tree, (d) orchid.

In their role as the male gametophyte generation of seed plants, pollen grains contain plant ____.

Which of the following traits is «of characteristic of plants? (a) fixed-in-place, (b) no cell wall, (c) photosynthesizing, (d) mostly land-dwelling.

All plants go through an alternation of generations in which one generation produces the reproductive cells called _______, while the alternate generation produces the reproductive cells that fuse in reproduction, _______ and _______.

As readers of the evolution section of this book know, a lack of genetic diversity can be harmful to a population of living things (see Chapter 17, page 308, for more). Can you think of an aspect of plant functioning that (a) has grown more sophisticated over evolutionary time and that (b) helps ensure genetic diversity among plants?

Plants (select all that apply):

a. obtain nutrition by consuming existing organic material.

b. obtain nutrition by performing photosynthesis.

c. produce much of Earth’s oxygen.

d. absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide.

e. are a cause of soil erosion.