In predator-prey interactions, ____ mimicry has occurred when one species has evolved to resemble another species that has superior protective ability. When several species that have protective ability have evolved to resemble each other ____ mimicry has occurred.

Mutualism is an interaction between individuals of two species that is ____. Commensalism is an interaction between individuals of two species in which one is ____while the other is ____.

The competitive exclusion principle states that when two populations compete for the same ____, one will always out-compete the other and thus bring about the latter’s ____.

Habitat often is shared within a community by means of____, defined as a dividing up of scarce resources among species that have similar requirements.

A keystone species can be defined as any species whose ____ a community would bring about significant change in it.

There are three principal types of biodiversity: ____, ____, and ____.

A habitat is the ____ in which a species can ____, while a niche can be thought of as an organism’s ____.

The filmmakers in the movie King Kong land on the imaginary Skull Island, which is the home not only of the giant ape Kong but of a host of meat-eating dinosaurs as well. Setting aside the impossibility of an ape as big as Kong, from an ecological perspective, why could a real Skull Island never have existed, even when dinosaurs roamed the Earth?

Carbon (select all that apply):

a. is an element

b. is a nutrient.

c. moves into the living world through animals.

d. moves into the atmosphere through the work of decomposers.

e. makes up about 21 percent of Earth’s atmosphere.

Bacteria and fungi are vitally important to the living world. If all bacteria and fungi were somehow instantly eliminated, almost no life-forms would survive for long. This is so because of the role bacteria and fungi play in ecological processes. Can you name two of these processes?

Nitrogen (select all that apply):

a. is not a nutrient.

b. is transferred into the living world in nature through the actions of plants.

c. is transferred into the living world in nature through the actions of bacteria.

d. has been manufactured by humans since the early twentieth century.

e. exists in such low concentrations in some coastal waters that “dead zones” are the result.