Plants such as soybeans house bacteria in their roots that receive food from them, while the bacteria provide the soybeans with a usable form of nitrogen. This is an example of:

a. parasitism.

b. mutualism.

c. fertilization.

d. mimicry.

e. commensalism.

The process by which one species evolves to resemble another species is called:

a. mimicry.

b. mutualism.

c. behaviorism.

d. parasitism.

e. natural deception.

In communities undergoing primary succession, there are general trends toward (select all that apply):

a. shorter-lived species.

b. longer-lived species.

c. smaller species.

d. greater species diversity.

e. less species diversity.

In primary succession, pioneer species will predominately be _____because they ____.

a. migratory animals; can go elsewhere for their food

b. cold-weather species; can withstand harsh conditions

c. insects; can live in so many environments

d. photosynthesizing organisms; can make their own food

e. trees; can run roots deep into the soil for water

K-selected or equilibrium species tend to have ____ offspring to whom they provide ____ care. Conversely, r-selected or opportunist species tend to have ____ offspring to whom they provide ____ care.

A country whose population pyramid is widest at the bottom can expect to have ____ population growth in the near future than a country whose population pyramid is of uniform width throughout.

A country’s human population changes can be predicted by looking at its total fertility rate, informally defined as the ____. The “replacement” level for fertility in more- developed countries is ____.

A ____ is all the members of a species that live together in a defined geographical region. A ____ is all the populations of all species living in a single region. An ____ is a community of organisms and the physical environment with which they interact.

Environmental resistance can be defined as all the forces of the environment that act to ____.

Carrying capacity can be defined as the maximum ____ of a given species that a defined geographical region can____.

Does the concept of carrying capacity apply to human beings? Does the planet as a whole have a human carrying capacity, or do human beings have an infinite capacity to improve life through such means as obtaining greater crop yields and becoming more energy efficient?