Antibodies are seen in two forms in immune system functioning, as ______ and as ______.

a. a length of DNA in a macrophage; a hormone

b. an antigen receptor on a T cell; a free-standing protein exported by a T cell

c. an antigen receptor on a B cell; a free standing protein exported by a B cell

d. antigen receptors on macrophages; signaling proteins inside macrophages

e. proteins that can kill invaders directly; signaling proteins

Cell-mediated immunity works primarily against ___ and primarily through ____.

a. viruses; mast cells

b. bacteria; B cells

c. bacteria; T cells

d. fungi; B cells

e. viruses; T cells

In autoimmune disorders, the immune system (select all that apply):

a. attacks some microbes, but not others.

b. uses only its innate defenses.

c. fails to distinguish self from non-self.

d. fails to produce memory cells.

e. attacks the body’s own tissues.

______is a hormone that promotes the transport of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, while ______ is a hormone that does the reverse. Both hormones are secreted by cells in the______.

In muscle and liver cells, individual glucose molecules can be linked together to form the glucose storage molecule ______, which can later be broken up through the action of the hormone _____.

The hormone cortisol is produced in the cortex of the ______ and normally functions to transform energy molecules, taking them out of ______ forms and putting them into forms that can be ______.

Almost all hormone secretion is regulated through the mechanism of _______. The endocrine system’s use of this mechanism is a key factor in producing homeostasis in the human body, meaning its maintenance of a relatively _______ internal environment.

The part of the brain called the_______ controls much of the activity of the endocrine system through its regulation of hormone release in three glands, the _______and ________ pituitary glands and the medulla of the _______ glands.

Five of the six hormones produced by the _______pituitary gland control the release of hormones produced by________.

Hormones are substances secreted by one set of ________ that move through the ________and affect the activities of other

Hormone production takes place to a significant extent within _______ glands, defined as glands that release their materials directly into the _______ or surrounding tissue, without the use of ducts.