Each of our senses employs the cells known as _______, which can both respond to stimulation and transform their responses into _______.

All senses except _______ route their signals through the brain’s______, after which these signals go to differing parts of the _______ for additional processing.

The 340 to 380 types of olfactory receptors we have allow us to discriminate among a much greater number of smells because the various receptor types can send signals in different _______.

The spinal cord can receive input from _______and direct ________ in response, without input from the brain. This entire process is known as a_______.

The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic or “_______” division and the parasympathetic or “_______” division.

The portion of the brain that is the site of our highest thinking and processing, the _______, is the outer portion of the brain’s _______.

Transmission of a nerve signal down an axon takes advantage of something called a resting potential, which can be defined as a difference in _______ that exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron in a resting state.

The key to signal transmission down the length of an axon is that an influx of Na+ ions at an initial location on the axon membrane triggers an influx of _______ on a _______ of the membrane.

Communication between neurons takes place by means of substances called _______moving across a ________ from a sending cell to a receiving cell.

The brain and spinal cord make up the _______nervous system, while all the nervous tissue outside the _______and _______plus the sensory organs make up the _______ nervous system.

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that carry messages _______ the brain or spinal cord, and it is divided up into a portion that provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles—the _______ nervous system—and a portion that provides involuntary regulation over smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands—the _______ nervous system. The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that carry messages _______ the brain or spinal cord.