The sponges in phylum Porifera are outliers in the animal kingdom in that, almost alone among animals, their bodies are not composed of ____________ and their body structure lacks the quality of ____________.

All animal phyla except sponges and cnidarians exhibit __________ symmetry in their body plans, meaning a symmetryin which ______ of their body are mirror images of one another.

A coelom is an internal ___________ possessed by almost all animals except sponges, jellyfish, and flatworms.

A feature common only to animals is that all animals pass through a ____________ stage in their ____________ development.

Four other features that all animals share are that they are ____________ for at least part of their lives, ____________, __________, and their cells do not have

Vertebrates make up a ____ portion of the animal kingdom.

One of the distinguishing features of animals is that their cells do not have the thick outer lining known as a cell wall. Plant cells have a cell wall, as do fungi cells. Why would a feature such as this be advantageous to plants but disadvantageous to animals?

Animals (select all that apply):

a. go through a blastula stage in development.

b. have cells with cell walls.

c. can be single-celled.

d. are heterotrophs.

e. are mostly vertebrates.

Plants can have elaborate defense systems, and they can respond in sophisticated ways to their environment—for example, in preserving resources, they can go into a dormant state in winter. Given this, can plants have intelligence? Or is it only animals that have this trait, to one degree or another?

Bilateral symmetry is a condition in which:

a. no one animal species can overpower another.

b. the top and bottom halves of an animal are symmetrical.

c. two animal species evolve along parallel lines.

d. one side of an animal is symmetrical to the other.

e. one side of an animal is as strong as the other.