Let \(f: A \rightarrow \Pi_{i=1}^m X_i\) be given by \(f(a)=(f_1(a), \cdots , f_m(a))\), where the functions \(f_i :A \rightarrow X_i (i=1,\cdots ,m)\) are given. Then \(f\) is continuous iff each \(f_i\) is continuous.

Let \(f:A \rightarrow \Pi_\alpha X_\alpha\) be given by \(f(a)=(f_\alpha(a))\), where the functions \(f_\alpha :A \rightarrow X_\alpha\) are given. Suppose \(\Pi_\alpha X_\alpha\) has product topology. Show that \(f\) is continuous iff each \(f_\alpha\) is continuous.

Let \(\{x_n=(x_{n1},x_{n2}, \cdots,) \}\)be a sequence in the product space \(\Pi_{\alpha \in I} X_\alpha\) with product topology. Then the sequence \(\{x_n\}\) converges to\(x+(x_1,x_2, \cdots,)\in \Pi_\alpha X_\alpha\) iff for every positive integer \(m, \{\pi_m(x_n)=x_{nm} \}\) converges to \(x_m\).

\(\Omega_\mathbb{B_p} \subseteq \Omega_\mathbb{B_u} \subseteq \Omega_\mathbb{B_b} \) with strict inclusions if \(I\) is infinite.

Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be compact spaces. Assume further that \(Y\) is Hausdorff. Let \(f:X \rightarrow Y\) be a continuous surjection. Define the equivalence relation \(\sim\) on \(X\) by \(x_1 \sim x_2\) iff \(f(x_1)=f(x_2)\). Then \(g:X / \sim \rightarrow Y\) given by \(g(|x|)=f(x)\) is a well-defined homeomorphism.

Show that in the ring \(\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-3}]\) the gcd of \(4\) and \(2+2\sqrt{-3}\) does not exist.

Describe the field of quotients of  \(\mathbb{Z} [\sqrt{n}]\) , where \(n\) is a square-free integer.

Show that the domains \(\mathbb{Z} [\sqrt{-6}]\) and \(\mathbb{Z} [\sqrt{-7}]\) are not UFDs.

Let \(R\) be an integral domain that is not a field; show that the polynomial ring \(R[x]\) is not a PID.

Show that the polynomial ring \(F[x,y]\) in two variables over a field \(F\) is a UFD but not a PID.

Let \(R\) be a commutative ring with identity and \(f(x) \in r[x]\) . Show that an element \(a \in R\)  is a multiple root of \(f(x)\) if and only if a is a root of \(f^\prime(x)\), where \(f^\prime(x)\) is the (formal) derivative of \(f(x)\) .