If a species preys on others within a community but is not itself preyed upon, and if its absence would bring about significant change within the community, that species is (select all that apply):

a. an ecological dominant.

b. a parasite.

c. a top predator.

d. a host.

e. a keystone species.

The clearwing moth pictured on page 679 has no protective capability, but has evolved to look like a species—the yellow jacket wasp—that does have such capability. As such, what mode of interaction are the clearwing and the yellow jacket practicing? What mode of interaction is being practiced between two species that have protective capability and that have evolved to look alike?

A parasite will often feed on its______, while using it as part of its_________.

a. host; reproduction cycle

b. dupe; camouflage

c. model; resource partitioning

d. dupe; reproduction cycle

e. model; coevolution

Plants such as soybeans house bacteria in their roots that receive food from them, while the bacteria provide the soybeans with a usable form of nitrogen. This is an example of:

a. parasitism.

b. mutualism.

c. fertilization.

d. mimicry.

e. commensalism.

The process by which one species evolves to resemble another species is called:

a. mimicry.

b. mutualism.

c. behaviorism.

d. parasitism.

e. natural deception.

In communities undergoing primary succession, there are general trends toward (select all that apply):

a. shorter-lived species.

b. longer-lived species.

c. smaller species.

d. greater species diversity.

e. less species diversity.

In primary succession, pioneer species will predominately be _____because they ____.

a. migratory animals; can go elsewhere for their food

b. cold-weather species; can withstand harsh conditions

c. insects; can live in so many environments

d. photosynthesizing organisms; can make their own food

e. trees; can run roots deep into the soil for water

K-selected or equilibrium species tend to have ____ offspring to whom they provide ____ care. Conversely, r-selected or opportunist species tend to have ____ offspring to whom they provide ____ care.

A country whose population pyramid is widest at the bottom can expect to have ____ population growth in the near future than a country whose population pyramid is of uniform width throughout.

A country’s human population changes can be predicted by looking at its total fertility rate, informally defined as the ____. The “replacement” level for fertility in more- developed countries is ____.

A ____ is all the members of a species that live together in a defined geographical region. A ____ is all the populations of all species living in a single region. An ____ is a community of organisms and the physical environment with which they interact.