Associate each immune system component on the left with it on the right.

a. mast cells	proteins that seal off infection site
b. cytokines	cells capable of ingesting invading cells
c. toll-like receptors	cells that release histamine
d. phagocytes	communication proteins
e. fibrin proteins	first sensors of infection

All T and B cells begin development in the ______, but T cells complete development in the ______.

a. lymphatic network; bone marrow

b. lungs; pancreas

c. pancreas; thymus

d. bone marrow; thymus

e. lymphatic network; thymus

The body’s adaptive immune response differs from its innate immune response in that the adaptive response (select all that apply):

a. targets specific pathogens.

b. is faster to ramp up.

c. has no memory of the pathogens it has faced.

d. works primarily through T and B cells.

e. is more powerful than the innate response.

Antibodies are seen in two forms in immune system functioning, as ______ and as ______.

a. a length of DNA in a macrophage; a hormone

b. an antigen receptor on a T cell; a free-standing protein exported by a T cell

c. an antigen receptor on a B cell; a free standing protein exported by a B cell

d. antigen receptors on macrophages; signaling proteins inside macrophages

e. proteins that can kill invaders directly; signaling proteins

Cell-mediated immunity works primarily against ___ and primarily through ____.

a. viruses; mast cells

b. bacteria; B cells

c. bacteria; T cells

d. fungi; B cells

e. viruses; T cells

In autoimmune disorders, the immune system (select all that apply):

a. attacks some microbes, but not others.

b. uses only its innate defenses.

c. fails to distinguish self from non-self.

d. fails to produce memory cells.

e. attacks the body’s own tissues.

______is a hormone that promotes the transport of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, while ______ is a hormone that does the reverse. Both hormones are secreted by cells in the______.

In muscle and liver cells, individual glucose molecules can be linked together to form the glucose storage molecule ______, which can later be broken up through the action of the hormone _____.

The hormone cortisol is produced in the cortex of the ______ and normally functions to transform energy molecules, taking them out of ______ forms and putting them into forms that can be ______.

Almost all hormone secretion is regulated through the mechanism of _______. The endocrine system’s use of this mechanism is a key factor in producing homeostasis in the human body, meaning its maintenance of a relatively _______ internal environment.

The part of the brain called the_______ controls much of the activity of the endocrine system through its regulation of hormone release in three glands, the _______and ________ pituitary glands and the medulla of the _______ glands.