With the sequencing of the Neanderthal genome, some scientists have argued that it is now theoretically possible to produce a Neanderthal through a combination of genetic engineering and cloning. If such a thing were done, how do you think society would treat any Neanderthal that resulted? As a species more akin to chimpanzees, which is to say subject to being kept in zoos? Or as regular, if somewhat different, human beings?

The taxonomic group Hominini is defined as the group of:

a. modern humans and chimpanzees.

b. modern humans and Homo neanderthalensis.

c. modern humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas.

d. human-like primates.

e. primates lacking a tree-dwelling existence.

The Hominini (select all that apply):

a. originated between 135,000 and 350,000 years ago.

b. includes one living species.

c. originated between 6 and 7 million years ago.

d. includes two living species.

e. shares a common ancestor with the chimpanzee taxonomic group.

To judge by fossil remains and other evidence, the “Lucy” hominin Australopithecus afarensis appears to (select all that apply):

a. have been bipedal.

b. have been about as intelligent as modern humans.

c. have existed roughly 3.2 million years ago.

d. have been replaced by modern humans.

e. have existed roughly 1.6 million years ago.

The first hominin species to leave Africa:

a. was Homo sapiens, 50,000-60,000 years ago.

b. was Homo neanderthalensis 350,000 years ago.

c. was Australopithecus afarensis roughly 3.2 million years ago.

d. was Homo erectus roughly 1.8 million years ago.

e. was Homo sapiens roughly 1.8 million years ago.

Neanderthals (select all that apply):

a. first evolved in Africa.

b. first evolved in Europe.

c. died out in Indonesia.

d. became extinct after a period of living in proximity to Homo sapiens.

e. died out 28,000 years ago.

Homo sapiens or modern humans (select all that apply):

a. evolved into their present anatomical form in Africa.

b. first migrated out of Africa 1.8 million years ago.

c. never interbred with Neanderthals.

d. went north and west, into Europe, on their first migration out of Africa.

e. first appeared in Africa about 200,000 years ago.

The “Hobbit” species that has been named Homo floresiensis (select all that apply):

a. lived in present-day Indonesia.

b. was arguably a Neanderthal.

c. was arguably a modern human suffering from a physical condition.

d. is thought to have died out 28,000 years ago.

e. may represent a previously unknown species of hominin.

All plants are thought to have evolved from water-dwelling ______.

All land-dwelling vertebrates are _____, which evolved from ______.