All Questions page - 572

Vertebrates make up a ____ portion of the animal kingdom.

One of the distinguishing features of animals is that their cells do not have the thick outer lining known as a cell wall. Plant cells have a cell wall, as do fungi cells. Why would a feature such as this be advantageous to plants but disadvantageous to animals?

Animals (select all that apply):

a. go through a blastula stage in development.

b. have cells with cell walls.

c. can be single-celled.

d. are heterotrophs.

e. are mostly vertebrates.

Plants can have elaborate defense systems, and they can respond in sophisticated ways to their environment—for example, in preserving resources, they can go into a dormant state in winter. Given this, can plants have intelligence? Or is it only animals that have this trait, to one degree or another?

Bilateral symmetry is a condition in which:

a. no one animal species can overpower another.

b. the top and bottom halves of an animal are symmetrical.

c. two animal species evolve along parallel lines.

d. one side of an animal is symmetrical to the other.

e. one side of an animal is as strong as the other.

A coelom is:

a. an enclosed body cavity, not found in sponges, cnidarians, or flatworms.

b. an enclosed body cavity, found only in vertebrates.

c. a digestive organ, found in all animals except sponges.

d. an example of a type of tissue.

e. an offspring that arises from asexual reproduction.

In earthworms, we can see a clear example of the widespread animal feature known as:

a. filter feeding.

b. body segmentation.

c. viviparous reproduction.

d. a post-anal tail.

e. a radula.

If an animal has an exoslceleton, paired jointed appendages, and goes through the process of molting, it is:

a. a segmented worm.

b. a roundworm.

c. a chordate.

d. a cnidarian.

e. an arthropod.

Forms of asexual reproduction found in the animal kingdom include (select all that apply):

a. binary fission.

b. fission.

c. budding.

d. copulation.

e. parthenogenesis.

Larger animals, such as vertebrates and large molluscs (squid, octopus) have _____ circulation systems, while arthropods and smaller molluscs (snails) have _____ circulation systems.

a. closed; open

b. closed; no

c. open; closed

d. open; no

e. open; open

In a hydrostatic skeleton, the force of muscular contraction is applied through:

a. a skeleton external to the muscles.

b. a skeleton that will be shed through molting.

c. a skeleton internal to the muscles.

d. a fluid.

e. a circulation system.

A lichen is a composite organism, always composed of a ________ and either ________ or _________.

In a lichen, the ________ is providing the ________ or ____________ with water, carbon dioxide, minerals, and protection from the elements.

The cooperative associations called mycorrhizae provide the ________ with sugars, while providing the ________ with water and minerals.

A _______ is a reproductive cell that can develop into a new organism without fusing with another reproductive cell.

Most fungi are capable of reproducing in cycles that are carried out entirely through simple cell division or mitosis. When fungi reproduce through this means, they are carrying out ________ reproduction.

Most fungi are multicelled organisms that take the form of a web of filaments called hyphae. However, three of the four fungal phyla also have single-celled species that collectively are referred to as ________.