The pathogens that the immune system fights generally are (select all that apply):

a. poisons.

b. living things.

c. microbes.

d. produced by the body itself.

e. fungi, bacteria, or viruses.

All T and B cells begin development in the ______, but T cells complete development in the ______.

a. lymphatic network; bone marrow

b. lungs; pancreas

c. pancreas; thymus

d. bone marrow; thymus

e. lymphatic network; thymus

The body’s adaptive immune response differs from its innate immune response in that the adaptive response (select all that apply):

a. targets specific pathogens.

b. is faster to ramp up.

c. has no memory of the pathogens it has faced.

d. works primarily through T and B cells.

e. is more powerful than the innate response.

Antibodies are seen in two forms in immune system functioning, as ______ and as ______.

a. a length of DNA in a macrophage; a hormone

b. an antigen receptor on a T cell; a free-standing protein exported by a T cell

c. an antigen receptor on a B cell; a free standing protein exported by a B cell

d. antigen receptors on macrophages; signaling proteins inside macrophages

e. proteins that can kill invaders directly; signaling proteins

Cell-mediated immunity works primarily against ___ and primarily through ____.

a. viruses; mast cells

b. bacteria; B cells

c. bacteria; T cells

d. fungi; B cells

e. viruses; T cells

In autoimmune disorders, the immune system (select all that apply):

a. attacks some microbes, but not others.

b. uses only its innate defenses.

c. fails to distinguish self from non-self.

d. fails to produce memory cells.

e. attacks the body’s own tissues.

______is a hormone that promotes the transport of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, while ______ is a hormone that does the reverse. Both hormones are secreted by cells in the______.

In muscle and liver cells, individual glucose molecules can be linked together to form the glucose storage molecule ______, which can later be broken up through the action of the hormone _____.

The hormone cortisol is produced in the cortex of the ______ and normally functions to transform energy molecules, taking them out of ______ forms and putting them into forms that can be ______.