All Questions page - 565

Hormone secretion is generally controlled through the mechanism of _________, which is critical in producing ______, meaning a stable internal state in the body.

a. hierarchical control; homeostasis

b. negative feedback; homeostasis

c. negative feedback; equilibrium

d. positive feedback; endothermy

e. hierarchical control; rest

The hypothalamus (select all that apply):

a. is an endocrine gland.

b. is a part of the brain.

c. is located in the medulla of the adrenal glands.

d. produces hormones released in the posterior pituitary.

e. controls release of adrenaline and noradrenaline.

The anterior pituitary gland releases ____hormones upon receipt of hormonal signals from the____.

a. two; posterior pituitary

b. two; thyroid gland

c. six; hypothalamus;

d. six; adrenal glands

e. two; hypothalamus

Insulin___, while glucagon____. (Select all that apply.)

a. is produced in pancreatic alpha cells; is produced in pancreatic beta cells

b. is produced in pancreatic beta cells; is produced in pancreatic alpha cells

c. helps move glucose into cells; helps move glucose into circulation

d. helps move glucose into circulation; helps move glucose into cells

e. is produced in relatively greater amounts between meals; is produced in relatively greater amounts just after gating

Cortisol (select all that apply):

a. is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

b. is produced by the adrenal cortex.

c. is active in energy management.

d. is produced by the adrenal medulla.

e. is secreted during times of stress.

Light coming in through the eye is focused on a layer of tissue at the back of the eye called the _______ by means of being bent, or refracted, by both the eye’s _______ and the ________ that lies behind it.

The eye’s photoreceptor cells come in two varieties:_______, which function in low- light situations but provide only _______ vision; and ______, which respond best to bright light but that provide.________ vision.

Visual information is passed from the eyes to the brain via our two_______.

Taste cells are part of organized collections of 50 to 100 cells known as _______. Taste works by means of “tastants” interacting with hair-like projections that extend from the_______.

Sound waves are collections of air molecules that are either more or less _______ than molecules of ambient air.

The inner ear’s cochlea is filled with _______; its vibrations open and shut “trapdoor” channels on _______ cells, thus resulting in the transmission of a nerve signal.

Each of our senses employs the cells known as _______, which can both respond to stimulation and transform their responses into _______.

All senses except _______ route their signals through the brain’s______, after which these signals go to differing parts of the _______ for additional processing.

The 340 to 380 types of olfactory receptors we have allow us to discriminate among a much greater number of smells because the various receptor types can send signals in different _______.

The spinal cord can receive input from _______and direct ________ in response, without input from the brain. This entire process is known as a_______.

The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic or “_______” division and the parasympathetic or “_______” division.

The portion of the brain that is the site of our highest thinking and processing, the _______, is the outer portion of the brain’s _______.

Transmission of a nerve signal down an axon takes advantage of something called a resting potential, which can be defined as a difference in _______ that exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron in a resting state.