All Questions page - 580

Important implications of the theory of evolution by natural selection include (select all that apply):

a. All organisms, including humans, are descended from a common ancestor.

b. The biological world is constantly evolving.

c. Nature designs things intentionally.

d. Traits found in organisms are the outcomes of a goal-less process.

e. Humans occupy one ordinary branch on an enormous tree of life.

John Endler performed an experiment involving guppies in which he demonstrated evolution driven by natural selection that worked through a predator-prey relationship. Which of the following are true statements about the results of his experiments? (Select all that are correct.)

a. Males with longer tails and brighter coloration were more frequently eaten by predator fish.

b. Females preferred to mate with dull- colored males.

c. When males were put in a predator- free environment, brighter coloration and larger tails evolved in them.

d. In the predator-free environment, the average brightness of females increased.

e. When predators were reintroduced, duller coloration and smaller tails evolved in the males.

PCR has been described as a copying machine for _______.

In forensic biotechnology, the value of PCR is that it allows the establishment of identities based on _____ samples of DNA.

The DNA of every individual contains groups of ________ whose number can be used to establish the identity of that individual.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from embryos when they are in the blastocyst stage, which occurs about

(a) 5 days (b) 5 weeks (c) 5 months following conception.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are like ESCs in that they seemingly can give rise to _____ human cell types, yet they are unlike ESCs in that they are derived from ______ cells.

iPS cells could in theory solve the problem of the rejection of transplanted tissue because, through such cells, transplanted tissue might be generated from a patient’s ____.

To “clone” means to make an exact ______.

Reproductive cloning is cloning intended to produce _____. of a defined genotype.

Dolly was a clone of the sheep who ______.

A transgenic organism is one whose genome has stably incorporated one or more _______ from ________.

DNA is cut into useful fragments through use of the molecular scissors known as _______.

The plasmids noted in the text had ________ DNA spliced into them as a first step in using them to turn out a human _______.

One of the motives put forth for human cloning is that people want to replace children or other loved ones who have died. To what extent could a clone of a loved one be a replacement for that person? If the technique had then been available, should doctors in the nineteenth century have preserved the DNA of Abraham Lincoln for cloning?

How is biotechnology defined?

a. the study of technical biology

b. the use of biology to control technological processes as a means of meeting societal needs

c. the use of technology to control biological processes as a means of meeting societal needs

d. the technological process of cloning genes

e. the commercialization of biological research results

Should society demand that there be no risks to genetically modified foods before it allows them to be developed? Does any significant technology have no risks associated with it?

Researchers who work with DNA are able to cut it into desired lengths through the use of:

a. transformation.

b. cloning.

c. RNA.

d. restriction enzymes.

e. DNA polymerase.